Most pianos should be tuned twice a year. The ideal times for tuning are when the house heating system is turned on and off, as these periods correspond with seasonal weather changes that affect the moisture content of the soundboard. These changes, in turn, impact string tension and pitch.

It’s not uncommon for some clients to tune their piano only once every few years, but regular tunings help maintain a more stable pitch over time. A piano that is tuned consistently stays closer to pitch longer and retains its soundboard crown, which benefits both the instrument and the player.

Before tuning, there are a few things that should be in order to ensure the best results. When I arrive, I will assess the following factors before proceeding with the tuning:

  1. Sticking Keys: Any keys that stick should be addressed before tuning. The cause of the issue should be assessed and repaired first, as tuning should not be done until this is resolved.

  2. Tuning Pins: The pins need to be tight enough to hold the strings under tension. Piano pins should require a minimum average torque of 100 in/lbs, with a maximum of 150 in/lbs. Over time, the pin-block can gradually lose its grip on the pins, often due to exposure to dry humidity and fluctuating temperatures. If your piano has been kept in a stable environment, this is usually not a concern.

  3. Action Regulation: The action mechanisms must be properly regulated, including aspects like hammer-to-string travel distance, let-off, after-touch, key height, key dip, and more. Proper regulation ensures that your instrument is not only in tune but also enjoyable to play.

  4. Broken Strings: Any broken strings should be addressed before tuning. All strings need to be intact to maintain stable tension across the piano, ensuring that the tuning remains consistent.

  5. Cracks & Delamination: Sometimes a piano can develop cracks or loose glue joints in critical structural areas including the cast iron harp, rim, soundboard, bridges, etc. When this is the case a total rebuild of the instrument may be necessary.

By ensuring these factors are in check, your piano will perform at its best, making your playing experience more satisfying.